Howland (Y-DNA)

2025-01-23T21:54:44Z

Wing genealogist: /* NGS/WGS DNA testing */

==Status summary==
===Completed as of May 18, 2019: ===
* ''Big Y-500'' (original Big Y) test completed for a descendant of "Pilgrim" John Howland
* ''Y Elite'' test for Henry Howland Jr. descendant completed (kit '''E8PEF''', tested previously at FTDNA as kit #37929).
* ''Big Y-700'' test completed for a male Howland who cannot trace his Y-DNA line (via the traditional "paper" trail) to one of the Howland brothers. This test confirms he descends from one of the brothers (and hints where he may descend from Arthur Howland, brother to "Pilgrim" John and Henry {II}).
* Comparing the above tests, a SNP (A9705) has been found in a descendant of "Pilgrim" John Howland, which not found in the other Howland results. This SNP available for testing at [https://www.yseq.net YSEQ DNA Origins Project] for $18.00 (plus an additional fee for the DNA swab) and may be available or for $15 (plus fee for the DNA swab) at [https://www.fullgenomes.com Full Genomes Corp].
* Recruiting additional Howlands for further SNP testing. Any male who believes they are a patrilineal (all male line) descendant of John Howland should [[Read me First|Read me First]]

===Completed as of October 7, 2024===
* Two patrilineal descendants of Pilgrim John Howland have Big Y tested. They both have fall under the R1b-A9708 clade (which descendants of his brothers also belong to).
* Three patrilineal descendants of Arthur Howland (brother of John) have Big Y tested. They all fall under R1b-A9708>FT62874
* Three patrilineal descendants of Henry Howland (brother of John) have Big Y tested. They all fall under R1b-A9708>FGC58211
* One individual who does not descend from Henry Howland (father of the above three brothers) has Big Y tested and been found to be positive for a clade immediately above the R1b-A9708 clade for the three brothers. This individual descends from a close family member (likely father, grandfather or great-grandfather) of Henry Howland of Fen Stanton.

===Still to do as of October 7, 2024===
* Identify where in the line of Pilgrim John Howland the A9705 SNP is found by testing select folks.
* Next Generation Sequence (NGS) test other lines of Pilgrim John Howland to find other SNPs unique to descendants of Pilgrim John.

<big>'''IMPORTANT'''</big> [[Read me First|Read me First]]

==Background==
Names in '''bold font''' have Y-DNA descendants who have Y-DNA tested.

===Speculative Origins<ref>The parent clade of R-A9708 is R-A9703. A9703 is currently comprised of ten SNPs. One individual with a Baker surname has Big Y-700 tested A9703+ but A9708-. He lists his Most Distant Known Patrilineal Ancestor (MDKPA) as Frederick Baker, born 1850. Research has indicated where this Frederick Baker was baptized at Newnham, Kent, England on 10 Nov 1850. The record did not name a father, but gave his mother's name as Charlotte Baker. Census records indicate where she was unmarried when Frederick was born. Census records also indicate where a James Howland was living in Newnham, age 22 in the UK 1851 Census. He was listed as a servant and living in the household of Thomas Baker Elvy who was named after Thomas Baker, the latter was apparently was an uncle to Charlotte.</ref>===
The Pilgrim John Howland Society has hired a noted Mayflower passenger origins researcher (Caleb Johnson) to trace the origins of the Howland family. His first report was printed in ''The Howland Quarterly'' MAR 2016, pp. 10-20.

Johnson reported he found no evidence of the Howland family in Fen Stanton prior to the time of Henry Howland (father of Pilgrim John). We know Henry was living there as early as 1604, when his son, Simon, was baptized (from the Bishop's Transcript records). Unfortunately both the Parish records, and the Bishop's Transcripts are mostly missing from this time period, so we cannot state when Henry moved to Fen Stanton, nor know whether any of the other children were born there or elsewhere.



A Big Y-700 test result of an individual who does not bear the Howland surname documented where he shares all of the Fen Stanton Howland SNPs with a single exception A9708. Researching the patrilineal ancestry of this individual revealed where he is a Howland descendant from Kent, England. A researcher looked through the early English probate records for Howlands in Kent found the wills of the following: Henry Howling of Brook (1479/80), John Howlene of Brook (1554/55), Simon Howlyn of Brabourne (1522/3) and Simon Howlend of Wye (1524). Any of these may be of the patrilineal line of the Fen Stanton Howlands.

===Biography===
[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-21 '''John Howland''']<ref>[https://pilgrimhall.org/john_howland.htm Pilgrim Hall Museum] John Howland biography.</ref> was the son of [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-326 Henry Howland] and his wife [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Unknown-42345 Margaret] of Fen Stanton, Huntingdonshire (now part of Cambridgeshire), England. His death record<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wm4xUcRsk-sC&q=John+Howland#v=snippet&q=John%20Howland&f=false Plymouth Church records I:147(173)]</ref> stated he died 23 Feb 1672[/3] in his "eightieth yeare". The [http://www.Pilgrimjohnhowlandsociety.org Pilgrim John Howland Society] as well as the [https://www.themayflowersociety.org/ General Society of Mayflower Descendants] accepts an estimated birth date of 1592 for John based on this death record.

Per [http://mayflowerhistory.com/howland/ Caleb Johnson:]
<blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;">It has been traditionally reported that John Howland was born about 1592, based on his reported age at death in the Plymouth Church Records. However, ages at death were often overstated, and that is clearly the case here. John Howland came as a servant for John Carver, which means he was under 25 years old at the time (i.e. he was born after 1595). William Bradford, in the falling-overboard incident, refers to Howland as a "lusty young man," a term that would not likely have applied to a 28-year old given that Bradford himself was only 30. Bradford did call 21-year old John Alden a "young man" though. Howland's wife Elizabeth was born in 1607: a 32-year old marrying a 17-year old is a relatively unlikely circumstance. Howland's last child was born in 1649: a 57-year old Howland would be an unlikely father. All these taken together demonstrate that Howland's age was likely overstated by at least 5 years. Since he signed the "Mayflower Compact", we can assume he was probably at least 18 to 21 years old in 1620.</blockquote>

John came aboard the Mayflower as a servant to Gov. John Carver. Howland's incident during the voyage was duly cataloged by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of_Plymouth_Plantation William Bradford]:
<blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;">In sundry of these storms the winds were so fierce and the seas so high, as they could not bear a know of sail, but were forced to hull for divers days together. And in one of them, as they thus lay at hull in a mighty storm, a lusty young man called John Howland, coming upon some occasion above the gratings was, with a seele of the ship, thrown into the sea; but it pleased God that he caught hold of the topsail halyards which hung overboard and ran out at length. Yet he held his hold (though he was sundry fathoms under water) till he was hauled up by the same rope to the brim of the water, and then with boat hook and other means got into the ship again and his life saved. And though he was something ill with it, yet he lived many years after and became a profitable member both in church and commonwealth.</blockquote>

Some speculate Howland came above board in order to get a breath of fresh air. However, others speculate he may have been used by Gov. Carver as an intermediary between the passengers and the crew. It is rumored their landing at Cape Cod (which clearly fell outside of the land the company was originally chartered) may have been a deliberate attempt to re-negotiate this charter for terms more favorable. If true, it is possible John Howland may have served a vital role in this decision.

John Howland survived the great sickness during the winter of 1620-21 and apparently took over as the head of Gov. Carver's household after the Governor's death in Apr 1621. At this time, "households" were not only family members, but was a means of housing the passengers in the new colony.

It is believed John married [[Joan Hurst & Elizabeth Tilley (mtDNA)|Elizabeth Tilley]] sometime after Aug 1623. This was presumably the fifth marriage in the colony (after Edward Winslow, Francis Eaton, John Alden & William Bradford [married 14 Aug 1623]). It is also believed they were married sometime prior to the [http://www.histarch.illinois.edu/plymouth/landdiv.html 1623 division of land], which actually occurred during what we now consider the first three months of 1624 (Jan - Mar.) This date of marriage is also consistent with the births of their two oldest children (Desire ca 1625 & John who told Judge Sewell he was born 24 2[mo, Apr] 1627.) These two were also included in the [http://www.histarch.illinois.edu/plymouth/cattlediv.html 1627 division of cattle].

Nathaniel Morton's eulogy: <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;">The 23th of February 1672 Mr. John Howland senir of the Town of Plymouth Deceased; hee was a Godly man and an ancient professor in the wayes of Christ; hee lived untill he attained above eighty yeares in the world, hee was one of the first Comers into this land and proved a usefull Instrument of Good in his place & was the last man that was left of those that Came over in the shipp Called the May Flower, that lived in Plymouth; hee was with honor Intered att the Towne of Plymouth on the 25 of February 1672.</blockquote>

It is said John was the first individual [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6613808/john_howland buried at Burial Hill]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1grmpqYO44sC&pg=PA11&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false Handbook of Old Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts: Its History, Its Famous Dead, and Its Quaint Epitaphs by A.S. Burbank, 1896, p. 13]</ref>, and likely in the area where a memorial stone for John was erected in 1897. This stone replaced a stone erected in either 1836 or 1844 (which incorrectly stated John's wife was a daughter of Gov. John Carver, so was replaced. This stone is said to have been buried under the new stone).<ref>[http://www.geni.com/people/John-Howland-Mayflower-Passenger/6000000002165248313 John Howland bio]</ref>

<references />

===Y-DNA Descendants<ref>Two Y-DNA lines listed at [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-21 wikitree profile for John Howland]</ref>===
John Howland and Elizabeth Tilley had ten children: [[Joan_Hurst & Elizabeth_Tilley (mtDNA)#Second Generation: |Desire]] (c1625) (Lieut.) John (II)(1627-1699), [[Joan_Hurst & Elizabeth_Tilley (mtDNA)#Second Generation: |Hope]] (1629), [[Joan_Hurst & Elizabeth_Tilley (mtDNA)#Second Generation: |Elizabeth]] (1631), [[Joan_Hurst & Elizabeth_Tilley (mtDNA)#Second Generation: |Lydia]] (1633), [[Joan_Hurst & Elizabeth_Tilley (mtDNA)#Second Generation: |Hannah]] (1637), (Capt.) Joseph (1640-1703), (Lieut.) Jabez (1644-1711), [[Joan_Hurst & Elizabeth_Tilley (mtDNA)#Second Generation: |Ruth]] (1646) and (Ens.) Isaac (1649-1723). Several descendants of (Lieut.) John have done Y-DNA testing as well as one descendant of (Capt.) Joseph and one descendant of (Liet.) Jabez. The DNA test results (primarily STR testing) show all of these descendants are genetic/biological cousins and have identified the Y-DNA haplogroup for the Howland family.

For more information see: White, Elizabeth Pearson, ''John Howland of the Mayflower'' and Lainhart, Ann Smith & Robert S. Wakefield, ''Mayflower Families through Five Generations, Volume 23''

====Second Generation:====
[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-82 '''(Lieut.) John'''] married [[Mary Lee (mtDNA) |Mary Lee]] and they had ten children: Mary (1652), Elizabeth (1655), Isaac (1659), [[Crocker (Y-DNA)#Third Generation|Hannah]] (1661), Mercy (1663), Lydia (1665), Experience (1666), [[Crocker (Y-DNA)#Third Generation|Anne]] (1670), Shubael (1672) and John (III) (1674). Descendants of Isaac & John (III) have Y-DNA tested.

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-54s '''(Capt.) Joseph'''] married [[Elizabeth Southworth (mtDNA) |Elizabeth Southworth]] and they had nine children: James (1669), Nathaniel (1671), Lydia (1673), (Capt.) Thomas (1675), Elizabeth (1678), Sarah (1680), Joseph (1682-1689), Mercy (1682) and Benjamin (1685-1689). A descendant of Nathaniel has Y-DNA tested.

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-55 (Lieut.) '''Jabez'''] married Bethia Thacher (sister of [[Tha(t)cher (Y-DNA)#First Generation |(Col.) John Thacher]] and they had eleven children: Jabez (II) (1669), John (1672-1672), Bethiah (1674-1677), Josiah (1676), John (1679-1689), Judah (1683-1689), Seth (1684-1685), Samuel (Esq.) (1686), Experience (1687-1689), Elizabeth (1690) and (Lieut.) Joseph (1692). A descendant of Joseph has Y-DNA tested.

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-146 (Ens.) Isaac] married [[Henchman (mtDNA)#Second Generation |Elizabeth Vaugh(a)n]] and they had eight children: Seth (1677, m. Elizabeth Delano but no ch.), Isaac (II) (1678/9), [[Bennett (Y-DNA)#First Generation |Priscilla]] (1681), Elizabeth (1682-1685), Nathan (1686/7), [[Southworth (Y-DNA)#Third Generation |Jael]] (1688), Susanna (1690) and Hannah (1694).

===Third Generation===
[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-97 '''Isaac Howland'''] was born Barnstable 25 Nov 1659 and died there 26 Dec 1724. He married Barnstable 27 Dec 1686 [[Anne Taylor (mtDNA)#First Generation |Anne Taylor]] and they had seven children (Barnstable): [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-265 '''Ebenezer'''] (1687 m Elizabeth Justice), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-266 '''Isaac'''] (1689 m Mary Crocker), Mary (1691), Ann (1694), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-269 John] (1696/7 Alice Hamlin), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-270 Noah] (1699-d young) and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-271 Joseph] (1702 m Rachel Crocker & Mariah Fuller, no sons by either)

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-78 '''Shobal (Shubael) Howland'''] was born Barnstable 30 Sep 1672 and died there 17 Jun 1737. He married Barnstable 13 Dec 1700 [[Mercy Blossom (mtDNA)#First Generation |Mercy Blossom]] and they had three children (Barnstable): [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-1732 '''Jabez'''] (1701 m Elizabeth Percival), Mercy (1710) and Zaccheus (c1713 unm.)

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-32 '''John Howland (III)'''] was born Barnstable 31 Dec 1674 and died (West) Barnstable 14 Feb 1737/8. He married twice, first abt 1706 [[Joanna Shove (mtDNA)#First Generation |Joanna Shove]] and second Barnstable 18 Jul 1719 [[Crocker (Y-DNA)#Second Generation |Mary Crocker]]. By his first wife John had four children (Barnstable): [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-469 George Gill] (1705 m Abigail Crocker), Hannah (1708), Mary (1711) and Joanna (1715). By his second wife, John had two more children (Barnstable): [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-244 '''(Rev.) John'''] (1720/1 m Elizabeth Lewis) and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-245 '''Job'''] (1726 m Hannah Jenkins).

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-52 James Howland] was born Plymouth bef 29 Dec 1669 and died Kingston aft 26 Aug 1735. He married Barnstable 8 Sep 1697 [[Mary Tilson (mtDNA)#Third Generation |Mary Lothrop]] and they had six children: Hannah (1699), Abigail (1702), Elizabeth (1704), Thankful (1709), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-1884 (Capt.) John] (1711 m Patience Spooner, only one surviving daughter) and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-1883 James] (1713, never married).

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-98 '''Nathaniel Howland'''] was born Plymouth abt 1671 and died there 29 Dec 1746. He married twice, first Plymouth 3 Mar 1696/7 [[Mary Tilson (mtDNA)#Second Generation |Martha Cole]] and second Plymouth 25 Jan 1725/6 Abigail CHURCHILL Billington<ref>Abigail was the widow of [[Billington (Y-DNA)#Third Generation |Francis Billington]]</ref> (no children). By his first wife, Nathaniel had five children (Plymouth): [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-69 Joseph] (1699 d. young), Mary (1701), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-118 '''Nathaniel'''] (1705 m Yetmercy HOWLAND Palmer & Abigail BURT Lane), Martha (1707) and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-81 Joseph] (1708 likely never married).

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-46 (Capt.) Thomas Howland] was born Plymouth (now Kingston) abt 1675 and died Plymouth 2 Dec 1739. He married Plymouth abt 1699 [[Mary Tilson (mtDNA)#Second Generation |Joanna Cole]] and they had eight children (Plymouth): [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-640 Consider] (son, 1700 m Ruth Bryant), Joanna (1702-1715), Experience (1705), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-736 Thomas] (1707-1739/40 unm.), Elizabeth (1710), Hannah (1712), Joanna (1716) and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-739 Joseph] (1718 unk. if marr.)

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-300 Jabez Howland (II)] was born Plymouth 16 Nov 1669 and died Bristol, RI 17 Oct 1732. He married twice, first Bristol abt 1697 [[Patience Stafford (mtDNA)#First Generation |Patience Stafford]] and second, Bristol aft 11 Mar 1726/7 Mary Carder (no children). By his first wife, Jabez had nine children (Bristol [now in RI]): Patience (1700-1707), Bethiah (1702), Mercy (1704), Elizabeth (1707-1707), Elizabeth (1709), Sarah (1711), [https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/74451455/person/40296699642/facts Jabez] (1713 unm.), Patience (1716) and [https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/74451455/person/40296699643/facts Thomas] (1719 unm.). No Y-DNA lines from Jabez (II).

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-234 Josiah Howland] was born Plymouth 6 Aug 1676 and died Bristol (now in RI) 8 Feb 1717/8. He married Barnstable 24 Nov 1709 Yetmercy "Mercy" Shove and they had at least two children: Yetmercy (1712) and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-2324 Josiah] (1717 unm.) No Y-DNA lines from Josiah.

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-238 Samuel Howland (Esq.)] was born Bristol 16 May 1686 and died there 15 May 1748. He married three times (but only had children by his first wife)<ref>Samuel married second, Barrington RI 16 Feb 1742 Rachel Norton and third Rehoboth 4 Jun 1747 Dorothy BALLARD Hunt.</ref>. His first marriage Bristol 6 May 1708 [[Abigail Cary (mtDNA)#First Generation (mtDNA) |Abigail Cary]] had eight children: [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-1050 Samuel] (1709 m Lucie/Sarah Smith & Abigal Moon), Abigail (1710), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-1357 (Dea.) John] (1713 m Martha Wardwell), Tabitha (1715), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-2847 Seth] (1719-1719), Phebe (1720), Mary (1722) and Mehitable (1724)

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-240 '''(Lieut.) Joseph Howland'''] was born Bristol 14 Oct 1692 and died there 16 Aug 1737. He married Swansea abt 1710 [[Bathsheba Cary (mtDNA)#First Generation |Bathsheba Cary]] and they had three children: Lydia (1715), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-2275 '''Joseph'''] (1717 m Sarah Barker) and Elizabeth (1719).

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-253 Isaac Howland (II)] was born Middleborough 6 Mar 1678/9 and died there 26 Feb 1723/4. He married Middleborough abt 1713 Sarah Thomas and they had four children: [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-261 Isaac] (1714 unm.), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-262 Jeremiah] (1715 m Betty Vaughn), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-849 Joseph] (1717 m Elizabeth Mitchell) and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-263 Charles] (1722-1723).

[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-255 Nathan Howland] was born Middleborough 17 Jan 1686/7 and died Middleborough bet.Mar 1733/4 - Jul 1759.<ref>Nathan sold land (rec. 29 Mar 1734) - widow sued David Miller. 15 May 736 Seth Howland sold the homestead of his grandfather Isaac (called deceased) which was originally sold to Seth's father, Nathan (NOT called deceased).</ref> He married Middleborough bef 1712 [[Barker (mtDNA)#Third Generation |Frances Coombs]] and they had six children: Desire (1712-1716/7), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-2353 Seth] (1714/5 m Lydia Cobb), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-4280s Caleb] (1717 no further record), Priscilla (1719/20), [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-4281 George] (1723 no further record) and Ruth (1727).

<references />

===Lineage of tested descendants===
We currently have One Big Y-700 result of a patrilineal descendant of Pilgrim John Howland and a second Y-DNA descendant has taken the older Big Y-500 test. The lineages of these individuals are in '''bold font.''' Lineages not in bold font have taken some level of Y-STR testing, but have not done any Y-SNP testing. They are STR marker matches to the Big Y testers, so it is assumed the lineage is accurate:

'''(Pilgrim) John Howland (1592-1672)'''
'''(Lt) John Howland (II) (1627-1704)'''
Isaac Howland (1659-1724)
Isaac Howland (II)(1689-1751)
Benjamin Howland (1729-p1765)
Charles CROCKER Howland (c1765-1801)
Benjamin C. Howland (1801-1871)
James Lewis Howland (1832-1902)
Allen Baker Howland (1863-1937)
''father''
(tester) Howland 
Shobal Howland (1672-1737)
Jabez Howland (1701-1764)
James Howland (1729-b1790)
Joseph Howland (1762-1841)
Joseph W. Howland (1793-1864)
Asaph Dewey Howland (1826-1898)
William Bailey Howland (1873-1931)
Ralph William Howland (1899-1958)
''father''
(tester) Howland 
'''John Howland (III) (1674-1737/8)'''
'''(Rev) John Howland (IV) (1720-1804)'''
'''James Howland (1760-1850)'''
'''John Howland (1795-1870)'''
'''John Howland (II) (1834-1908)'''
'''John Anton Howland (1868-1959)'''
'''Arthur Eastman Howland (1893-1969)'''
'''''father''''' 
'''(tester) Howland''' 
James Arthur Howland (1874-1948)
(tester) Howland 
Job Howland (1726-1794)
(Capt.) John Howland (1757-1853)
John Howland (II)(1789-1878)
Clark Morton Howland (1824-1900)
(Dr.) John Frank Howland (1868-1951)
John Clark Howland
(tester) Howland (deceased) 
William Avery Howland (1794-1878)
(Col.) Henry Howland (1827-1883)
(Prof.) George Carter Howland (1885-1954)
''father''
(tester) Howland 
(Capt.) Joseph Howland (c1640-1703/4)
Nathaniel Howland (c1671-1746)
Nathaniel Howland (II)(1705-1766)
Joseph Howland (1749-1836)
Gardiner Greene Howland (1787-1851)
Gardiner Greene Howland (II)(1834-1903)
Dulaney Howland (1859-1915)
''father''
(tester) Howland 
'''Jabez Howland (1644-1711)'''
'''Joseph Howland (1692-1737)'''
'''Joseph Howland (II)(1717-1775)'''
'''(Maj.) Benjamin Howland (1768-1818)'''
'''Henry Augustus Howland (1806-1897)'''
'''Henry Balcom Howland (1836-1872)'''
'''Charles Henry Howland (1861-1928)'''
'''Hawthorne Howland (1889-1968)'''
'''(Capt.) John Brown Howland (1917-1962)'''
'''''father'''''
'''(tester) Howland''' 

==DNA Results '''A9708'''==
===Previous Y-DNA testing===
Several patrilineal descendants of Pilgrim John Howland have had their Y-DNA tested at Family Tree DNA. In addition, four patrilineal descendants of John's brother, Arthur, and several patrilineal descendants of his brother, Henry, have also been tested. See the [https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Howland?iframe=ydna-results-overview Howland Surname Y-DNA Project]

Utilizing STR results to determine whether a male Howland descends from Pilgrim John Howland, or one of his brothers is quite risky. STRs are prone to mutate much quicker than SNP results, and they are also prone to back mutations (which hides the mutation) and parallel mutations (where the same mutation happens in two separate lines). Given these risks, and predictions based on STR mutations really need to be confirmed with either traditional "paper-trail" research, or SNP testing to prove the relationship.

Within the 111 STR results, the four descendants of Arthur Howland all have DYS464a=16 (while the descendants of Pilgrim John and Henry have DYS464a=15). In addition, three of the four Arthur descendants have DYS576=18 (while the descendants of John & Henry as well as the fourth Arthur Howland descendant has DYS576=17). Both of these mutations show up within the first 37 STR markers (and everyone in the project has tested at least 37 STRs). Given the fact there are two separate STR mutations, it is likely that male Howland descendants who have both DYS464a=16 and DYS576=18 are descendants of Arthur while males who have only one of these mutations '''might''' be a descendant of Arthur.

Fewer individuals have extended their STR marker testing to 111 markers. We currently have three descendants of Arthur, four descendants of Pilgrim John and four descendants of Henry who have tested 111 STRs. The four descendants of Henry all have DYS485=14 (with all others being DYS485=15) All four also have DYS505=11 (with all others being DYS505=12). Once again, because we have two separate STR mutations, it is likely that male Howland descendants who have both mutations are descendants of Henry while males who only have one of these mutations '''might''' be a descendant of Henry.

There are no STR mutations (within the 111 STRs) found to be in common with Y-DNA descendants of Pilgrim John Howland, but in general, results which do not have any of the above STR mutations are likely to be descendants of Pilgrim John.

===NGS/WGS DNA testing===
Currently, there are eight Y-DNA Howland descendants who have taken the Big Y-700 test. Two are Y-DNA descendants of Pilgrim John Howland, three are descendants of Henry and three are descendants of Arthur. They all fall under [https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/u106/about Haplogroup R1b-U106] where they have been classified as: Z9>Z30>Z2>Z7>Z8>Z1>Z344>Z6>A96>S10415>A9703>A9708 This last clade is comprised of a single SNP (which is available for testing at YSEQ.org).

The three Henry Howland descendants (from two different sons, Zoeth and Samuel) have tested positive for FGC58211 and FGC58203 while the descendants of Pilgrim John and Arthur have tested negative for these SNPs. The three Arthur Howland descendants have all tested positive for FT62784 while the descendants of Pilgrim John and Henry have tested negative for this SNP.

The two descendants of Pilgrim John Howland do not share any SNPs in common with each other, but the do have a STR mutation (within the additional 600+ STRs tested by the Big Y-700) which is not shared by descendants of Arthur or Henry. FTY1094=17 is found in descendants of Pilgrim John while the descendants of Arthur and Henry both have FTY1094=16. Ideally, we would like to have more Pilgrim John Howland descendants take the Big Y-700 test to confirm whether or not this mutation is found in all Pilgrim John Howland descendants (or to pinpoint when this STR mutation occurred).

===Availability of Y-DNA SNP testing===
Family Tree DNA (www.familytreedna.com) currently does not offer individual Y-SNP testing and the only test they have to discover your Y-SNPs is the Big Y-700 test (regular price US $449, but they do have sales on this test from time to time). However, YSEQ does have [https://www.yseq.net/product_info.php?products_id=23383&osCsid=ff8e8a0b0438d0092cce73f75797197d A9708] for purchase (US $3.00 for the DNA sample kit and US $19.00 for the Y-SNP test).

===Usefulness of ''Big Y'' and ''Y-Elite tests''===
DNA mutations are random events, like the roll of a dice. As they are random, we can't say exactly how long it has been since a mutation occurred. However, just like rolling a seven on a pair of dice, we know how often a mutation should occur on average. For the part of the Y chromosome covered by a typical Big Y-700 test, this is about once per two to three generations, but it could vary from having more than one mutation in a generation to going several generations without a mutation.

Consequently, most of the time, we don't expect to separate a father and a son with a mutation we find. Indeed (while it isn't generally recommended), there have been a number of cases where both a father and his son have taken a Big Y test. In most cases, neither test shows a mutation the other doesn't. However, there are exceptions to this. These are caused not only by new mutations in the son's test, but also slight differences between the two Big Y tests.

Big Y, like all such tests, reads chunk-sized pieces of DNA. Depending on how these chunks are split up, slightly different parts of the Y chromosome will be tested. So two Big Y tests might only overlap on 98% of the mutations they test. The other 2% of mutations will only be called in one test or the other. Alternatively, they may be accurately read in one test, but read below the threshold for quality control in the other test. Consequently, there may be more "private" mutations that separate two people than we expect.

The real importance in doing the Big Y or Y-Elite test is the ability to compare your results with others. This works at all different levels.

We currently have a number of Big Y (and similar test) results across the Howland family. This has allowed us to determine where the A9708 clade belongs the Howland family, descendants of Henry Howland (c1565-1635) of Fen Stanton, England. As more Howlands take this type of test we will be able to determine subclades defining his descendants, eventually separating the families of his three sons (John, Henry & Arthur) and later defining more recent branches.

It also works in the opposite level, in discovering related surnames. Originally, the Wing family was the closest non-surname match to the Howlands. However, recently another Big Y tester came in and was found to be positive for a SNP not found in the Wing family but found within the Howland family (A9701). This other tester descends from a Rogers family (NOT related to Thomas and Joseph Rogers of the Mayflower). Going further back in time, Big Y results shows where the Howland/Rogers family shares a clade (S10415) with the following families: Wing, Maybury, Baldwin, Rogers, Bishop, and Foat. More families are found at each clade level above S10415 which shows the degree of relationship similar to first, second, third etc. cousins.

Recently an individual (who does not bear the Howland surname, but almost certainly has an NPE and Howland ancestry in England) has Big Y-700 tested and been found to be positive for all of the Howland SNPs exceptA-9708. Thus this individual descends from a fairly close ancestral Howland of the older Henry Howland of Fen Stanton. This person's ancestry is from Kent County so it is likely this is also where the patrilineal ancestry of Henry Howland is from.

Another related item is the ability to estimate the age of each of these clades. We know the age of the Howland family in America starts with the birth of their father, Henry Howland ca 1565. The Howlands all share at least eleven SNPs not found in the next closest family (Rogers). While the mutations are random events, so we cannot state precisely how much time elapses between one mutation and another, we can say a mutation happens '''on average''' a little over every 80 years. Thus, the Rogers family is roughly 80*11=880 or so years before ca 1565 (or roughly 650 AD). The other surnames at the S10415 level are one SNP above the Howland/Rogers clade (A9701), so dates roughly to 575 AD or so.

===The Howland teeth===
The Pilgrim John Howland Society (PJHS) owns several acres of land at Rocky Nook, Kingston. This land included the home (in late life) of Pilgrim John Howland (which was inherited by his son Jabez) and across the Road (Howland Lane) the homestead of Joseph Howland (son of Pilgrim John) which was inherited by Joseph's eldest son, James. For many years, the PJHS has been exploring the sites with archaeological digs. During one such dig at the Joseph Howland site, two wisdom teeth (third molars) were discovered, which were apparently extracted from someone living at the house. This home site appears to have been abandoned sometime after the death of James Howland, so it is likely the teeth were either from one of Joseph Howland's children or one of James Howland's children. The PJHS is currently exploring the possibility of having DNA testing performed on the teeth.

==Summary of findings==
We currently have two patrilineal descendants of Pilgrim John Howland who have publicized their NGS/WGS test results. One descendant is from John (II) and the other descendant is from Jabez (both sons of Pilgrim John). These two descendants do not share any SNPs which are not shared by the patrilineal descendants of Pilgrim John's brothers, so there is currently no SNP which definitively documents all of Pilgrim John's line (as separate from his brothers lines). The John (II) descendant has documented two SNPs not found in the Jabez line (A9705 and Z18598) while the descendant of Jabez has documented two currently unnamed SNPs not found in the John line (13599901 and 12315744). Thus anyone who falls into the Howland A9703 clade who also tests positive for one of these four SNPs must descend from Pilgrim John. But not all Pilgrim John patrilineal descendants would test positive for any of these four SNPs. In addition, any A9703+ individual who also tests positive for A9705 or Z18598 must descend from John, son of Pilgrim John; while any A9703+ individual who also tests positive for 13599901 and/or 12315744 must descend from Jabez, son of Pilgrim John.

A9705 has been made available for individual SNP testing, but for technical reasons Z18598 is not able to be made available.

We now need to identify where along the line of descent the A9705 and the unnamed SNPs occurred.

==Allied Families==
The following families are connected to John Howland via marriage to descendants:

[[Gorham (Y-DNA)|Gorham]] (Capt. John Gorham married Desire Howland). Y-DNA predicted to fall under I-M253 based on STR markers for two descendants

[[Chipman (Y-DNA)|Chipman]] (Elder John Chipman married Hope Howland). Y-DNA predicted to fall under I-M223 based on 37 STR markers for a descendant

[[Dickinson (Y-DNA)|Dickinson]] (John Dickinson was the second husband to Elizabeth Howland).

[[Hawes (Y-DNA)|Hawes]] (John Hawes married Desire Gorham). Y-DNA predicted to fall under I-M253 based on the 37 STR markers for two descendants

Baxter (Thomas Baxter married Temperance Gorham)

==External links and references==
* White, Elizabeth Pearson, ''John Howland of the Mayflower, volume 1 (First four generations), Picton Press, Camden, ME. 1991
* White, Elizabeth Pearson, ''John Howland of the Mayflower, volume 2 (son John Howland)'', Picton Press, Camden, ME. 1993
* Lainhart, Ann Smith & Robert S. Wakefield, ''Mayflower Families through Five Generations, Volume 23 Part I (first 4 generations of John Howland) '' General Society of Mayflower Descendants, Plymouth, MA 2006
* Lainhart, Ann Smith & Jane Fletcher Fisk, ''Mayflower Families through Five Generations, Volume 23 Part III (sons Joseph & Jabez) '' General Society of Mayflower Descendants, Plymouth, MA 2012
* Anderson, Robert Charles, ''The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633 vol. II (G-O)'', New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, MA. 1995
* Roser, Susan E., ''Mayflower Increasings From the Files of George Ernest Bowman at the Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants'', Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, Second edition 1995, 1996. pp. 68-81
* Roser, Susan E., ''Mayflower Passenger References (from contemporary records & scholarly journals)'' [www.stewartbooks.com Stewart Publishing & Printing], Canada. Second Edition, 2015

* [http://mayflowerhistory.com/howland/ Caleb Johnson's Mayflower History biography of John Howland]
* [http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/john_howland.htm Pilgrim Hall biography of John Howland]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howland Wikipedia biography of John Howland]
* [https://mayflower.americanancestors.org/john-howland-biography Pilgrim Migrations biography of John Howland]

* [http://www.pilgrimjohnhowlandsociety.org/ Pilgrim John Howland Society (PJHS)]
* [https://www.themayflowersociety.org/ The General Society of Mayflower Descendants]
* [https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Howland/default.aspx Howland Surname DNA Project]
* [https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/mayflowersociety/about Mayflower Descendants (Y and mtDNA) Project]
* [https://www.themayflowersociety.org/shop/books-publications/silver-books-and-mfip "Five Generations" Project (Silver Books & Mayflower Families in Progress)]
* [https://app.box.com/s/anhd7o94h00p5s3rw2jaxf87lhv034f8 (Download pdf file) Y-DNA descendants of Pilgrim John Howland]
* [https://themayflowersociety.org/passenger-profile/passenger-profiles/the-howland-family/ The Howland Family - The Mayflower Society]

* [http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/John_Howland_17th_Century_Documents.pdf Pilgrim Hall Museum Howland documents]
* [http://www.americanancestors.org/databases/plymouth-county-ma-probate-file-papers-1686-1881/image/?volumeId=20951&pageName=10932:1&rId=426335382 Probate Papers (from www.americanancestors.org)]
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Howland&GSfn=John&GSbyrel=all&GSdy=1672&GSdyrel=in&GSob=n&GRid=6613808&df=all& Find-a-Grave for John Howland]

* [http://dgmgenealogy.info/HowlandDescendants/ps05/ps05_016.htm John Howland of the Mayflower and Descendants]
* [http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Howland-21 Wikitree bio for John Howland]
* [https://www.geni.com/people/John-Howland-Mayflower-Passenger/6000000002165248313 Geni bio for John Howland]
* [http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/74451455/family/pedigree?cfpid=40296679860&selnode=1 Y-DNA and mtDNA descendants of John & Elizabeth (Tilley) Howland]
* [http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=barbpretz&id=I414 RootsWeb WorldConnect Project, with good citations]

* [https://mayflowerdna.org/wiki/index.php/Joan_Hurst_%26_Elizabeth_Tilley_(mtDNA) mtDNA of Elizabeth Tilley and her mother, Joan Hurst]
* [https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/R-A9703/notable Discover.FamilyTreeDNA.com Notable Connections - John Howland]
* [https://www.fullgenomes.com/ Full Genomes Corp. and Y Elite 2.1 test]
* [http://yseq.net YSEQ, which utilizes the traditional Sanger-sequencing for Y-DNA]

© 2015-2024 ''mayflowerdna.org'' All Rights Reserved

2025-01-20T22:41:50Z

Wing genealogist: /* Third Generation */

==Status summary==
As of February 23, 2023
* Page created for Mary Shaw, wife of Eleazer Ring.
* recruitment of individuals who are mtDNA descendants of Mary (Shaw) Ring. Folks who are mtDNA descendants are encouraged to contact MayflowerDNA1620@gmail.com

==Background==
For further information see * John D. Austin, F.A.S.G., ''Mayflower Families through Five Generations: Vol. 6 (Hopkins), General Society of Mayflower Descendants, Plymouth, 2001.
===Biography===
[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Shaw-191 Mary Shaw], daughter of Jonathan Shaw and Phebe Watson (daughter of George Watson and Phebe Hicks [daughter of Robert Hicks and Margaret ___]), was born Plymouth 1665 and died Kingston 28 Nov 1730. She married Plymouth 11 Jan 1687/8 [[Ring (Y-DNA)#Second Generation |Eleazer Ring]][https://pilgrimhopkins.com/lineagev4/pafg04.htm#47] and they had twelve children: Eleazer (1688-1688), Andrew (1689-b1696), Phebe (1691/2), Samuel (1693/4), Andrew (1696), Deborah (1698), Mary (1700), Jonathan (1702), Susanna (1705), Elkanah (1706), Elizabeth (1708) and Lydia (1710).

===Second Generation===
[https://pilgrimhopkins.com/lineagev4/pafg13.htm#262 Phebe Ring] was born Plymouth 26 Jan 1691/2 and died Halifax 15 May 1756. She married Plympton 26 Nov 1719 [[Standish (Y-DNA)#Third Generation |Ichabod Standish]] and they had four children: Mary (1721/2-1789 unm.), Desire (1725), Phebe (1727-1817 unm.) and Ichabod (1729-1731).

[https://pilgrimhopkins.com/lineagev4/pafg13.htm#265 Deborah Ring] was born Plymouth (no Plympton) 10 Jul 1698 and died Kingston 8 Nov 1763. She married Plympton 7 Feb 1722/3 [[Fuller (Y-DNA)#Third Generation |(Dea.) John Fuller]] and they had ten children: Eleazer (1723), Isaacher (1725), John (1727), Deborah (1729), Susanna (1731), Noah (1734), Ezra (1736), Consider (son 1738), Eleazer (1740) and Hannah (1743).

[https://pilgrimhopkins.com/lineagev4/pafg13.htm#266 Mary Ring] was born Plymouth (now Plympton) 9 Dec 1700 and died Plympton aft 1738. She married Plympton 7 Nov 1722 [[Abraham Sampson (Y-DNA)#Third Generation |Peleg Sampson]] and they had five children: Mary (1723/4), Peleg (1726), Mercy (1731), Simeon (1736) and Priscilla (1739).

[https://pilgrimhopkins.com/lineagev4/pafg13.htm#268 Susanna Ring] was born Plymouth (now Plympton) 9 Apr 1705 and died Plympton 10 Sep 1728. She married Plympton 27 Jan 1725/6 Nehemiah Bosworth and they had two children: Deborah (1726-1746 unm.) and Susannah (1728-1729).

[https://pilgrimhopkins.com/lineagev4/pafg13.htm#270 Elizabeth Ring] was born Plympton 9 May 1708 and died Salisbury, CT 11 Oct 1768. She married Kingston 26 Jun 1736 James Claghorn and they had six children: Elizabeth (1737 no further record), James (1739), Sarah (1741), Eleazer (1744), Eliphalet (1746-1757) and Andrew Ring (1749-1755).

[https://pilgrimhopkins.com/lineagev4/pafg13.htm#271 Lydia Ring] was born Plymouth 20 Nov 1710 and died Yarmouth, ME 3 Mar 1788. She married Plympton 17 Dec 1732 Ephraim Sturtevant and they had nine children: Ephraim (1733), Lydia (1735), Joseph (1737), John (1739), Isaac (1745), Hannah (1747-1755), James (1750-1755), David (1752) and Jane (1753-1755).

===Third Generation===
Desire Standish was born Middleborough 30 Mar 1725 and died Halifax 3 Dec 1782 (VRs) or 4 Dec 1780 (gravestone). She married Halifax 16 Jan 1755 David Hatch and they had five children: Lydia (1755 m Isaac Hobart), Phebe (1758-1758), Gamaliel (bp1762), Jabez (1763) and Ichabod.

Deborah Fuller was born Kingston 14 Dec 1729 and died there 4 Mar 1826. She married Kingston 2 Nov 1749 Kimball Prince and they had nine children (Kingston): Christopher (1751), Kimball (1753), Sarah (1756 m Perez Bradford), Ruth (1758 m Jesse Fuller), Deborah (1760 m Elisha Washburn), Noah (1763), Job (1765), John (1768) and Hezekiah (1771).

Susanna Fuller was born Kingston 18 Dec 1731 and died Duxbury 17 Mar 1782. She married Kingston 5 Apr 1973 Jacob Dingley (II) and they had eight children (Duxbury): Elkanah (1754), Levi (1756), Desire (1758 m Charles Bisbee [II]), Susanna (1764 m Bailey Caleb Young), Jacob (1766-1766), Jacob (1767), Ezra (1770) and John (1773).

Hannah Fuller was born Kingston 30 Apr 1743 and died ''prob.'' VT 20 Jan 1831. She married Kingston 8 Jan 1761 Benjamin Bisbee and they had eleven children: Molly (1761 m Samuel Peebles), Orre/Aurelia (1764 m Thomas Stetson), Benjamin (1766), Robert (1768), Ezra (1771), Joseph (1774), John Fuller (1777), Hannah (1780 ''prob.'' m Ezra Freeman), Susan (1785), Deborah (1789-1793) and Asa.

Mary Samson was born Pembroke 6 Jan 1724 and died Kingston May 1813. She married twice, first Plympton 7 Jan 1741/2 [[Cooke (Y-DNA)#Fourth Generation |Nathaniel Cooke]] and second Kingston 31 May 1763 [[Bradford (Y-DNA)#Third Generation |Ichabod Bradford]]. By her first husband she had seven children: Mary (1742-1762 unm.), Peleg (1745), Nathaniel (1747), Susannah (1750 m Uriah Bartlett), Isaac (1752), Deborah (1755) and Levi (1757). By her second husband she had one more child: Israel (son 1766).

Mercy Samson was born Kingston 15 May 1731. She married there 29 Jun 1749 John Weston and they had eleven children (Kingston): Lydia (1750), Isaac (1752-1752), Jonathan (1753-1754), Sarah (1755 m Seth Randall), Deborah (1758 m Seth Bonny), Celia (1760 m Dudley Pike), Judith (1762 m Jesse Bradford), John (1764), Rhoda (1767 m Asa Bearce), Peleg (1769) and Mercy (1771).

Priscilla Samson was born Middleborough 19 Mar 17389 and died Kingston 26 Mar 1818. She married Kingston 12 Feb 1761 Seth Tupper and they had six children (Kingston): Samuel (1762), Peleg (1764), Priscilla (1766 m Lewis Bradford), Nathaniel (1769), Polly (1772 m Stephen Bradford) and Bridget (1774-1806 unm.)

Sarah Claghorn was born Norwich, CT 17 Aug 1741. She apparently never married but had two daughters at Salisbury, CT in 1764 and 1766. No further record.

Lydia Sturtevant was bon North Yarmouth, ME 23 Feb 1735 and died there 15 Nov 1762. She married North Yarmouth 14 Jun 1753 James Wyaman and they had two children: James (bp1759-1770 and Hannah (likely unm.)<ref>Hopkins Silver Book stated she may have been the Hannah Wyman of North Yarmouth who married there 8 Jul 1800 Francis Lane.</ref>

<references />

==mtDNA Results '''''TBD'''''==
At the present time no matrilineal (all female line) descendant of Mary (Shaw) Ring has publicly stated they have taken an mtDNA test. Individuals who believe they are a matrilineal descendant (in other words, who believe their mother's mother's mother's etc. mother was Mary) are encouraged to take a full mtDNA test and to contact MayflowerDNA1620@gmail.com

==References and External Links==
* [https://pilgrimhopkins.com/lineagev4/pafg04.htm#47 Pilgrim Hopkins Heritage Society Genealogy Database]
* John D. Austin, F.A.S.G., ''Mayflower Families through Five Generations: Vol. 6 (Hopkins), General Society of Mayflower Descendants, Plymouth, 2001.